Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WPGO_Plugins\Simple_Sitemap\Constants::$plugin_data is deprecated in /mnt/web101/c3/76/53822076/htdocs/WordPress_01/wp-content/plugins/simple-sitemap/lib/classes/class-constants.php on line 36 Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WPGO_Plugins\Simple_Sitemap\Constants::$freemius_slug is deprecated in /mnt/web101/c3/76/53822076/htdocs/WordPress_01/wp-content/plugins/simple-sitemap/lib/classes/class-constants.php on line 37 Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WPGO_Plugins\Simple_Sitemap\Constants::$main_menu_label is deprecated in /mnt/web101/c3/76/53822076/htdocs/WordPress_01/wp-content/plugins/simple-sitemap/lib/classes/class-constants.php on line 38 Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WPGO_Plugins\Simple_Sitemap\Constants::$plugin_slug is deprecated in /mnt/web101/c3/76/53822076/htdocs/WordPress_01/wp-content/plugins/simple-sitemap/lib/classes/class-constants.php on line 39 Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WPGO_Plugins\Simple_Sitemap\Constants::$plugin_cpt_slug is deprecated in /mnt/web101/c3/76/53822076/htdocs/WordPress_01/wp-content/plugins/simple-sitemap/lib/classes/class-constants.php on line 40 Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WPGO_Plugins\Simple_Sitemap\Constants::$menu_type is deprecated in /mnt/web101/c3/76/53822076/htdocs/WordPress_01/wp-content/plugins/simple-sitemap/lib/classes/class-constants.php on line 41 Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WPGO_Plugins\Simple_Sitemap\Constants::$cpt_slug is deprecated in /mnt/web101/c3/76/53822076/htdocs/WordPress_01/wp-content/plugins/simple-sitemap/lib/classes/class-constants.php on line 42 Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WPGO_Plugins\Simple_Sitemap\Constants::$css_prefix is deprecated in /mnt/web101/c3/76/53822076/htdocs/WordPress_01/wp-content/plugins/simple-sitemap/lib/classes/class-constants.php on line 43 Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WPGO_Plugins\Simple_Sitemap\Constants::$filter_prefix is 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{"id":385,"date":"2013-09-22T10:26:04","date_gmt":"2013-09-22T10:26:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fleursvegankitchen.com\/?p=385"},"modified":"2015-03-01T11:11:29","modified_gmt":"2015-03-01T11:11:29","slug":"vitamina-b12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fleursvegankitchen.com\/vitamina-b12\/","title":{"rendered":"Vitamin B12Vitamina B12Vitamine B12"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"image_pdf\"<\/a>\"image_print\"<\/a><\/div>

Vitamina B12 sau cobalamina <\/strong>este produsa de bacterii, inclusiv de bacteriile existente in intestinele animalelor sau omului. La om vitamina B12 este absorbita in portiunea dintre intestinul\u00a0 subtire si cel gros aceasta facand prezenta bacteriilor producatoare de B12 din intestinul gros nefolositoare.<\/p>\n

Vitamina B12\u00a0 este necesara pentru formarea celulelor rosii (globulele rosii), pentru absorbtia fierului si pentru buna functionare a sistemului nervos. B12 lucreaza intotdeuna impreuna cu vitamina B11 (acidul folic). Este necesara de asemenea pentru activarea vitaminei B6, vitamina B3 fiind produsa de organism daca exista suficienta vitamina B6.<\/p>\n

Absorbtia vitaminei B12 este dependenta de existenta unei substante formate in stomac (factorul intrinsec). Vitamina B12 este singura vitamina solubila in apa care este stocata de catre organism, in ficat.<\/p>\n

Vitamina B12 se gaseste NUMAI in produse de origine animala.<\/p>\n

O alta forma a vitaminei B12, B12 analog<\/strong>, se regaseste in produsele de origine vegetala dar este o forma inactiva<\/em>, existand posibilitatea interferarii cu forma activa a B12, blocand-o. Surse de B12 analog: spirulina, clorella, nori, alge, tempeh, drojdie etc. Niciun studiu stiintific nu a evidentiat exisenta B12 in forma activa in aceste surse.<\/p>\n

Ierbivorele sunt capabile sa produca vitamina B12 in intestine. Alte animale, inclusiv\u00a0 multe dintre\u00a0 primate, consuma cantitati mici de produse animale (inclusiv insecte) sau fecale care sunt o foarte buna sursa de B12.<\/p>\n

Organismul uman este capabil de a forma un stoc de vitamina B12, in ficat, pentru o perioada de aproximativ 3 ani. Formarea unui stoc de 3 ani presupune consumul zilnic a unei cantitati mari\u00a0 de B12 care sa depasesca necesarul zilnic. Daca ati urmat o dieta vegetariana (cu lactate si oua) probabil stocul dvs va fi relativ scazut.<\/p>\n

Uneori carenta de B12 este mascata de prezenta acidului folic care poate prelua functiile vitaminei B12. Deci puteti fi deficient in B12 dar sa nu aveti anemie daca dieta dv este bogata in acid folic. Din pacate acidul folic nu poate preveni deteriorarea nervilor, demielizarea acestora, fenomen ce este ireversibil.<\/p>\n

Semnele carentei vitaminei B12 (anemie pernicioasa):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

– schimbari mentale: <\/strong>iritabilitate, apatie, somnolenta, suspiciune (paranoia), schimbari de personalitate, depresie, pierdere de memorie, greutate in concentrare, halucinatii, comportament violent. La copii: intarziere mentala sau comportament autist.<\/p>\n

– semne neurologice si simptome: <\/strong>senzatii de amortire in membre sau alte parti ale corpului, simtul durerii diminuat, pierdere de echilibru, slabiciune in membre si alte parti ale corpului, miscari neindemanatice, tremur, simptome asemanatoare bolii Parkinson sau sclerozei multiple, crampe musculare, incontinenta (scapari de urina), paralizie, schimbari vizuale (scaderi in vedere sau pierderea vederii), distrugerea nervului optic.<\/p>\n

– probleme vasculare: <\/strong>atacuri ischemice, atacuri vasculare cerebrale, boli coronariene, infarct miocardic, palpitatii, tensiune otostatica (tensiune scazuta a sangelui ce poate provoca lesin si caderi din picioare), tromboza (cheag de sange in picior sau mana), embolism pulmonar (cheag de sange in plamani).<\/p>\n

– alte semne si simptome: <\/strong>respiratie sacadata, stare generala de slabiciune, oboseala cronica, lipsa poftei de mancare\/scadere in greutate sau anorexie, durere epigastrica (digestie anormala, stare de balonare dupa masa), probleme gastrointestinale (diaree,constipatie), osteoporoza, risc crescut de infectii, titinus (zgomote in urechi), vertiligo (pete albe pe piele) sau hyperpigmentatie, aparitia prematura a parului alb.<\/p>\n

Cine prezinta un risc crescut in a dezvolta carenta B12: <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

– persoanele peste 50 – 60 ani;
\n– vegetarienii, veganii si cei care au o dieta macrobiotica;
\n– personele care au suferit o interventie chirurgicala la stomac sau intestine,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 inclusiv o micsorare a stomacului pentru pierderea in greutate;
\n– persoanele care folosesc o medicatie care inhiba asimilarea B12;
\n– persoanele care au fost supuse unei anestezi continand oxid de azot;
\n– persoanele cu tulburari alimentare;
\n– alcoolicii;
\n– persoanele care au cazuri in familie cu anemie pernicioasa;
\n– persoanele diagnosticate cu anemie (carenta de fier);
\n– persoanele diagnosticate cu boala lui Crohn, sindromul intestinului iritabil, persoanele cu alergie\/intoleranta la gluten sau oricare alta boala care cauzeaza malabsorbtii a nutrientilor;
\n– persoanele diagnosticate cu boli ale sistemului imunitar (indeosebi ale tiroidei\u00a0 ca\u00a0 boala Hashimoto sau Graves), persoanele cu diabet de tip I, vitiligo, lupus, boala lui Addison, ulcer, gastrita, infertilitate sau a celor care au un istoric in familie a acestor boli;
\n– femei infertile sau cu pierderi dese de sarcina;
\n– nou-nascutii alaptati de mame predispuse la carenta de B12.<\/p>\n

Modalitati de testare a carentei de B12:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Testarea nivelului B12 in sange.\u00a0 Acesta ar trebui sa fie mai mare de 450 pg\/ml (normele medicale accepta un minim de 150 pg\/ml) \u2013 conform Sally Pacholok\/Jeffrey Stuart;<\/li>\n
  2. Testul acidului methylamonic (MMA) in urina sau sange (testul urinar este de preferat celui de sange, MMA fiind de 40 de ori mai concentrat in urina decat in sange). Acest test este folositor in cazul in care testul nivelului B12 din sange este irelevant (valori peste 150 pg\/ml dar sunt prezente simptomele carentei B12).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Prevenire si tratament<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Suplimente de B12<\/strong>. Studiile arata ca cel mai bine absorbite suplimente de B12 sunt cele sublinguale sau de mestecat. Zilnic un adult are nevoie de 2,4 micrograme B12 dar daca va asigurati doza zilnica pe baza unui supliment atunci veti avea nevoie de 25-100 micrograme. Daca suplimentati de 2-3 ori pe saptamana atunci veti avea nevoie de o doza de 1000 miligrame. Numai o mica cantitate va fi absorbita de organism restul fiind eliminat. Suplimentele sunt sigure, nu sunt toxice , sunt ieftine si sunt vegane (obtinute din bacterii). Nu sunt intotdeuna recomandate persoanelor cu malabsorbtie.<\/li>\n
    2. injectii cu B12<\/strong> : la recomandarea medicului;<\/li>\n
    3. B12 din produse alimentare imbogatite cu B12<\/strong>.\u00a0 Drojdia inactiva este foarte populara printre vegani dar nu orice tip de drojdie este o sursa de B12, cititi cu atentie eticheta. Alte produse imbogatite cu B12: lapte de soia, iaurt de soia, produse pe baza de soia etc. Adeseori nu se poate asigura necesarul zilnic de B12 doar prin consumul produselor imbogatite.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Exista trei forme de cobalamina: cianocobalamina, hidrocobalamina si metilcobalamina. S-a observat ca hidrocobalamina este superioara cinaocobalaminei iar metilcobalamina este superioara hirocobalaminei. Retentia hidrocobalaminei este superioara cianocobalaminei.\u00a0 Studii japoneze au evidentiat ca metilcobalamina este mai efectiva in tratarea simptomelor de natura neurologica. In parte acesta se datoreaza faptului ca metilcobalamina este absorbita direct de catre organism. Studiile arata ca metilcobalamina sub forma de tablete orale (sublinguale sau de mestecat) are ca rezultat o mai mare acumulare de cobalamina in ficat decat tabletele orale de cianocobalamina. Metilcobalamina este retinuta in tesuturi de 3 ori mai indelungat decat cobalamina.<\/p>\n

      Atentie!<\/strong> Contraindicatii ale cianocobalamiei<\/em><\/strong> : persoanele diagnosticate cu boala Leber (neuropatie optica ereditara), persoanele cu disfunctii hepatice, copiii nascuti cu disfunctii ale metabolizarii B12, fumatorii, persoanele cu boli ale rinichilor. Aceste persoane pot folosi forma hidro \u2013 si metilcobalamina sub indrumarea medicului.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

      In timp ce aceasta suna ca si cand veganii ar avea o mare problema cu vitamina B12, este o problema usor de rezolvat si n-ar trebui sa ne ingrijoreze. De fapt singura problema este atunci cand veganii nu primesc o indrumare adecvata sau nu doresc suplimentarea B12 cu suplimente sau alimente imbogatite cu B12.<\/p>\n

      Ba din contra, veganii ar putea avea un avantaj in ceea ce priveste vitamina B12 avand in vedere statisticile care evidentiaza numarul mare de persoane cu deficienta care au o dieta omnivora. O data cu inaintarea in varsta , indiferent de dieta adoptata, absorbtia B12 se diminueaza. Vitamina B12 provenita din produsele de origine animala este direct legata de absorbtia proteinei din aceste produse astfel incat declinul acidului gastric din stomac face dificila absorbtia acesteia. Nu este si cazul vitaminei B12 din suplimente si produsele imbogatite cu B12 acestea nefiind legate de proteina.<\/p>\n

      In caz de suspiciune de carenta cereti medicului de familie sa va efectueze investigatiile necesare. Stabiliti impreuna cu acesta tratamentul necesar. Deoarece vitamina B12 prezinta inca o mare necunoscuta pentru multi dintre medici, recomandarea mea personala este sa cititi si sa va informati cat mai mult posibil, folosind diverse surse credibile, bazate pe studii stiintifice.<\/p>\n

      Referinte:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. http:\/\/www.veganhealth.org\/articles\/vitaminb12<\/a><\/li>\n
      2. Jack Norrris, Virginia Messina \u2013 \u201cVegan for life\u201d<\/li>\n
      3. Sally M. Pacholok, Jeffrey J. Stuart \u2013 \u201cCould it be B12?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Vitamina B12 sau cobalamina este produsa de bacterii, inclusiv de bacteriile existente in intestinele animalelor sau omului. La om vitamina B12 este absorbita in portiunea dintre intestinul\u00a0 subtire si cel gros aceasta facand prezenta bacteriilor producatoare de B12 din intestinul gros nefolositoare. Vitamina B12\u00a0 este necesara pentru formarea celulelor rosii (globulele rosii), pentru absorbtia fierului si pentru buna functionare a sistemului nervos. B12 lucreaza intotdeuna impreuna cu vitamina B11 (acidul folic). Este necesara de asemenea pentru activarea vitaminei B6, vitamina B3 fiind produsa de organism daca exista suficienta vitamina B6. Absorbtia vitaminei B12 este dependenta de existenta unei substante formate in stomac (factorul intrinsec). Vitamina B12 este singura vitamina solubila
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